Product Description
S series Helical- Worm Geared Reducer with Motor
1. Product features
1.1. S series: right-angle speed reduction gearing composed by helical gears, worms, and gears, optimized and designed according to international standard
1.2.High precision, high efficiency, fine classification in transmission ratio, wide range, large transmission torque, reliable performance, low noise, flexible installation, and convenient use and maintenance.
1.3. They are widely used in various low-speed transmissions, which are general basic parts of mechanical transmission.
2. Technical parameters
| Housing material | Cast iron |
| Housing hardness | HBS90-240 |
| Gear material: | 20CrMnTi |
| Surface hardnesss of gear | HRC58°-62° |
| Gear core hardness | HRC33°-40° |
| Input/Output shaft material | 40CrMnTi |
| Input/Output shaft hardness | HBS241°-286° |
| Shaft at oil seal postion hardness | HRC48 ° -55 ° |
| Machining precision of gears material | Accurate grinding 6-5 grade |
| Heat treatment | tempering, cementing, quenching etc |
| Efficiency | up to 90% |
| Noise(Max) | 60-68dB |
| Unit model | Foot mounted,flange mounted,hollow shaft mounted |
| Input method | flange input,inline input,shaft input |
| Vibration | ≤ 20um |
| Backlash | ≤ 20Arcmin |
| Bearing brands | NSK,C&U etc |
| Oil seal brands | NAK,SKF etc |
| Lubricant | VG680 |
| Motor | IP55, F class |
| Motor shaft | 40Cr, Tempering, cementing,quenching etc. |
3.Applications
HangZhou XG Transmission Gearbox reducer are widely used in :
Ceramic Industry
Glass Industry
Food Industry
Metallurgy Industry
Beer& Drink Industry
Printing and dyeing Industry
Textile Industry
Warehouse Logoistics Industry
Wood working Machinery
environmental protection equipment Industry
Leather Industry
Pharmacy Industry
5.Company Information
ZheJiang CZPT Drive Co.,Ltd,the predecessor was a state-owned military mould enterprise, was established in 1965. CZPT specializes in the complete power transmission solution for high-end equipment manufacturing industries based on the aim of “Platform Product, Application Design and Professional Service”.
Starshine have a strong technical force with over 350 employees at present, including over 30 engineering technicians, 30 quality inspectors, covering an area of 80000 square CZPT and kinds of advanced processing machines and testing equipments. We have a good foundation for the industry application development and service of high-end speed reducers & variators owning to the provincial engineering technology research center,the lab of gear speed reducers, and the base of modern R&D.
Our main products are R/S/K/F series helical geared motor, SNP series planetary gearboxes, SNKG series bevel-helical gearmotor, NCJ series gear motor, RV series worm gearboxes, JWB-X series speed variators, B/JXJ series cycloidal gearboxes, XGK series helical-hypoid Gearboxes, which widely used in ceramic industry, glass industry, woodworking machinery , high voltage switch, food & beverage, packaging & printing, Storage & logistics, hoisting & transportation facilities…etc , and CZPT technically provide the professional product & service for the medium and high-end customers, and our gearboxes are best-selling in domestic, and even in abroad , such as in Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa…etc.
In the future , Starshine will hold the creed of “serving customer, diligence & simplicity, self-criticism, innovation, honesty, teamwork”, and the concept of “quality creates value” to focus on the customers’ requirements and provide them the competitive transmission solution and create value for them constantly, and make a high-end equipment manufacturing industry and create a preferred brand of replacing import products and upgrading continuously for the end users.
Between Dynamic and Static, Simple is Extraordinary, let’s go CZPT hand in hand and make a brilliant future!
Our factory
1. 300 sets advanced processing machines
2. “6S”Standardized Management
Our Team
Technical Team
Sales Team
After Sales Team
Exibition Show
2019 ASIA ceramics exhibition
2018 World of Industry Exhibition
Quality Assurance
Products 100% test before delivery
Passed ISO 9001: 2015 Certificate.
Our Certificates:
Passed ” ISO 9001 International Quality System Certificate”, “International Quality Credit AAA++ Ceritifacte” , ” Swiss SGS Certificate”, Iconic Brand in Chinese Electromechanical Industry”, “Famous Brand of ZheJiang Province”, “Non-public Scientific and Technological Enterprise in ZheJiang Province”, “National High and New-tech Enterprise”, “TOP 50 in Chinese Gear Industry” “2011 HangZhou Engineering and Technological R&D Center” and so on.
Our service
1. We provide 12 months Warranty.
2. We have thousands of gearbox reducers. From Input Power 0.06KW to 200KW, Ratio 1.3-289.74, Output speed 0-1095rpm and Output torque 1.4-62800Nm. They can meet your all different requirements for different industries.
3. 24 hours online service.
4. Fast delivry.
5. We provide E-catalog or Paper catalog,so you can select the model easily according to your requirements
6. Welcome you come to our factory to check our products, we can help you to book the hotel or ticket.
FAQ
Q:Are you a trading company or manufacturer?
A: We are manufacturer.
Q:Where do you base?
A: We are in Xihu (West Lake) Dis. district, HangZhou, China.
Q:What kinds of gearbox can you produce for us?
A: R/S/K/F series helical geared motor, SNP series planetary gearboxes, SNKG series bevel-helical gearmotor, NCJ series gear motor, RV series worm gearboxes, JWB-X series speed variators, B/JXJ series cycloidal gearboxes, XGK series helical-hypoid Gearboxes
Q:What are the application of the gearbox?
A:Products are widely used in ceramic, glass, food, metallurgy, beer & drink, printing and dyeing, textile, petrochemical engineering, warehouse logistics, wood-working machine, environmental protection equipment, printing and packaging, pharmacy, and leather. Products are sold in some countries and regions, such as Europe, America, and Southeast Asia, and it possesses dozens of distributors and after-sale service agents.
Q:What is the material you use?
A1: Aluminum Housing body ( For the RV series worm gearbox Size 30~90)
A2: Cast iron(For the RV series worm gearbox, Size 110-150, For the NCJ & F/R/S/K series helical gear reducer)
Any inquiry pls contact:
Nicola Huang (Export sales)
Website: gearbox1965
| Application: | Motor, Machinery, Agricultural Machinery |
|---|---|
| Function: | Distribution Power, Change Drive Torque, Change Drive Direction, Speed Changing, Speed Reduction |
| Layout: | Coaxial |
| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
| Installation: | Horizontal Type |
| Step: | Three-Step |
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
Types of Helical Gear Arrangements
Yes, there are different types of helical gear arrangements available to suit various applications and requirements. Some of the common helical gear arrangements include:
Parallel Shaft Arrangement: In this arrangement, the axes of the driving and driven shafts are parallel to each other. It is the most straightforward configuration and is often used in applications where space is not a constraint, and the gearboxes can be placed side by side.
Right-Angle Shaft Arrangement: In a right-angle arrangement, the driving and driven shafts are positioned at a 90-degree angle to each other. This arrangement is space-saving and is commonly used in applications where the layout requires a change in direction of the power transmission.
Double Helical Gear Arrangement (Herringbone Gears): Double helical gears consist of two sets of helical teeth facing each other. This arrangement helps to cancel out axial forces and reduces the net thrust load on bearings. It is often used in heavy-duty applications to minimize wear and vibration.
Crossed Helical Gear Arrangement (Screw Gears): In this configuration, the axes of the driving and driven shafts are neither parallel nor intersecting. It is suitable for applications requiring non-parallel and non-intersecting shafts.
The choice of helical gear arrangement depends on factors such as available space, power transmission requirements, and the desired layout of the machinery or equipment. Each arrangement has its advantages and disadvantages, and selecting the appropriate one is crucial for achieving optimal performance and efficiency.
Troubleshooting Common Issues in Helical Gear Systems
Troubleshooting helical gear systems involves identifying and addressing common issues that can affect their performance. Here’s a step-by-step process:
- Visual Inspection: Begin by visually inspecting the gearbox for any signs of wear, damage, or misalignment. Look for worn or chipped gear teeth, oil leakage, and unusual noise.
- Noise Analysis: If noise is present, analyze its type and frequency. Whining or grinding noises could indicate misalignment or damaged gears, while clicking or knocking sounds might point to loose components.
- Lubrication Check: Ensure that the gearbox is properly lubricated with the recommended type and quantity of lubricant. Insufficient lubrication can lead to increased friction and wear.
- Alignment Check: Check the alignment of the gears and shafts. Misalignment can result in uneven wear, noise, and reduced efficiency. Realign components if necessary.
- Gear Inspection: Inspect gear teeth for signs of pitting, scoring, or wear. Replace any damaged gears to prevent further issues.
- Bearing Examination: Check the condition of bearings that support shafts and gears. Worn or damaged bearings can lead to increased vibration and noise.
- Tightening and Fastening: Ensure that all bolts, fasteners, and connections are properly tightened. Loose components can cause vibrations and noise.
- Load Analysis: Evaluate the load conditions and operating parameters of the gearbox. Ensure that the gearbox is not subjected to loads beyond its design capacity.
- Temperature Monitoring: Monitor the operating temperature of the gearbox. Excessive heat can indicate problems such as inadequate lubrication or overloading.
- Consulting Experts: If issues persist or if you’re unsure about the diagnosis and solution, consult gearbox experts or manufacturers for guidance.
By following this troubleshooting process, you can identify and resolve common issues in helical gear systems, ensuring optimal performance and longevity.
Differences Between Helical Gearboxes and Spur Gearboxes
Helical gearboxes and spur gearboxes are two common types of gearboxes used in various applications. Here are the key differences between them:
- Tooth Design: The main difference between helical and spur gearboxes lies in their tooth design. Helical gearboxes feature helical teeth that are cut at an angle to the gear axis, while spur gearboxes have straight-cut teeth that run parallel to the gear axis.
- Engagement: Helical gearboxes offer a gradual and smooth engagement of teeth due to their helical tooth design. This results in reduced noise and vibration compared to spur gearboxes, which can have more abrupt and noisy tooth engagement.
- Load Distribution: Helical gearboxes have a higher contact ratio between teeth at any given time, which leads to better load distribution across the gear teeth. Spur gearboxes, on the other hand, have fewer teeth in contact at a time, potentially leading to higher stress on individual teeth.
- Efficiency: Helical gearboxes tend to be more efficient than spur gearboxes due to the helical tooth design, which reduces friction and energy losses during gear meshing. The gradual engagement of helical teeth contributes to this higher efficiency.
- Noise and Vibration: Helical gearboxes generate less noise and vibration compared to spur gearboxes. The helical tooth design and smooth engagement help in reducing the impact of gear meshing on overall noise levels.
- Applications: Helical gearboxes are commonly used in applications that require higher torque and smoother operation, such as heavy machinery, automotive transmissions, and industrial equipment. Spur gearboxes are suitable for applications with moderate loads and where noise considerations are not critical.
Overall, helical gearboxes offer advantages in terms of efficiency, load distribution, and noise reduction compared to spur gearboxes. However, the choice between the two depends on specific application requirements and factors such as torque, speed, space constraints, and noise considerations.
editor by CX 2023-11-14
China wholesaler S Series Helical Worm Gear Motor Gearbox for Agricultural Machine supplier
Product Description
S series Helical Geared Motor Characteristics
1. Features:
- High efficiency: 75%-80%;
- High technology: the helical gear and a worm gear combined with an integrated transmission to improve the torque and efficiency.
- High precision: the gear is made of high-quality alloy steel forging, carbonitriding and hardening treatment, grinding process to ensure high precision and stable running.
- High interchangeability: highly modular, serial design, strong versatility and interchangeability.
2. Technical parameters
| Ratio | 6.8-288 |
| Input power | 0.12-22KW |
| Output torque | 11-4530N.m |
| Output speed | 5-206rpm |
| Mounting type | Foot mounted, foot mounted with CZPT shaft, output flange mounted, hollow shaft mounted, B5 flange mounted with hollow shaft, foot mounted with hollow shaft, B14 flange mounted with hollow shaft, foot mounted with splined hole, foot mounted with shrink disk, hollow shaft mounted with anti-torque arm. |
| Input Method | Flange input(AM), shaft input(AD), inline AC motor input, or AQA servo motor |
| Brake Release | HF-manual release(lock in the brake release position), HR-manual release(autom-atic braking position) |
| Thermistor | TF(Thermistor protection PTC thermisto) TH(Thermistor protection Bimetal swotch) |
| Mounting Position | M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 |
| Type | S37-S97 |
| Output shaft dis. | 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 35mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, |
| Housing material | HT200 high-strength cast iron from R37,47,57,67,77,87 |
| Housing material | HT250 High strength cast iron from R97 107,137,147, 157,167,187 |
| Heat treatment technology | carbonitriding and hardening treatment |
| Single Stage Efficiency | 75%-80% |
| Lubricant | VG220 |
| Protection Class | IP55, F class |
About Us
ZheJiang CZPT Drive Co.,Ltd,the predecessor was a state-owned military mould enterprise, was established in 1965. CZPT specializes in the complete power transmission solution for high-end equipment manufacturing industries based on the aim of “Platform Product, Application Design and Professional Service”.
Starshine have a strong technical force with over 350 employees at present, including over 30 engineering technicians, 30 quality inspectors, covering an area of 80000 square CZPT and kinds of advanced processing machines and testing equipments. We have a good foundation for the industry application development and service of high-end speed reducers & variators owning to the provincial engineering technology research center,the lab of gear speed reducers, and the base of modern R&D.
Our Team
Quality Control
Quality:Insist on Improvement,Strive for Excellence With the development of equipment manufacturing indurstry,customer never satirsfy with the current quality of our products,on the contrary,wcreate the value of quality.
Quality policy:to enhance the overall level in the field of power transmission
Quality View:Continuous Improvement , pursuit of excellence
Quality Philosophy:Quality creates value
3. Incoming Quality Control
To establish the AQL acceptable level of incoming material control, to provide the material for the whole inspection, sampling, immunity. On the acceptance of qualified products to warehousing, substandard goods to take return, check, rework, rework inspection; responsible for tracking bad, to monitor the supplier to take corrective
measures to prevent recurrence.
4. Process Quality Control
The manufacturing site of the first examination, inspection and final inspection, sampling according to the requirements of some projects, judging the quality change trend;
found abnormal phenomenon of manufacturing, and supervise the production department to improve, eliminate the abnormal phenomenon or state.
5. FQC(Final QC)
After the manufacturing department will complete the product, stand in the customer’s position on the finished product quality verification, in order to ensure the quality of
customer expectations and needs.
6. OQC(Outgoing QC)
After the product sample inspection to determine the qualified, allowing storage, but when the finished product from the warehouse before the formal delivery of the goods, there is a check, this is called the shipment inspection.Check content:In the warehouse storage and transfer status to confirm, while confirming the delivery of the
product is a product inspection to determine the qualified products.
7. Certification.
Packing
Delivery
| Application: | Machinery, Agricultural Machinery, Dumbwaiter, Sugar Mills, and Kinds of Equipments |
|---|---|
| Function: | Distribution Power, Change Drive Torque, Change Drive Direction, Speed Changing, Speed Reduction, Lower Rotation Speed |
| Layout: | Cycloidal |
| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
| Installation: | Oscillating Base Type |
| Step: | Three-Step |
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
Types of Helical Gear Arrangements
Yes, there are different types of helical gear arrangements available to suit various applications and requirements. Some of the common helical gear arrangements include:
Parallel Shaft Arrangement: In this arrangement, the axes of the driving and driven shafts are parallel to each other. It is the most straightforward configuration and is often used in applications where space is not a constraint, and the gearboxes can be placed side by side.
Right-Angle Shaft Arrangement: In a right-angle arrangement, the driving and driven shafts are positioned at a 90-degree angle to each other. This arrangement is space-saving and is commonly used in applications where the layout requires a change in direction of the power transmission.
Double Helical Gear Arrangement (Herringbone Gears): Double helical gears consist of two sets of helical teeth facing each other. This arrangement helps to cancel out axial forces and reduces the net thrust load on bearings. It is often used in heavy-duty applications to minimize wear and vibration.
Crossed Helical Gear Arrangement (Screw Gears): In this configuration, the axes of the driving and driven shafts are neither parallel nor intersecting. It is suitable for applications requiring non-parallel and non-intersecting shafts.
The choice of helical gear arrangement depends on factors such as available space, power transmission requirements, and the desired layout of the machinery or equipment. Each arrangement has its advantages and disadvantages, and selecting the appropriate one is crucial for achieving optimal performance and efficiency.
Safety Precautions for Operating Machinery with Helical Gear Systems
When operating machinery equipped with helical gear systems, it’s crucial to prioritize safety to prevent accidents and ensure the well-being of operators and equipment. Here are the key safety precautions to consider:
- Training and Familiarity: Operators should receive proper training on the equipment’s operation, including the helical gear system. They should be familiar with the controls, emergency procedures, and potential hazards.
- Protective Gear: Operators should wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, safety glasses, helmets, and ear protection, depending on the application’s requirements.
- Lockout/Tagout: Before performing maintenance or repairs, follow lockout/tagout procedures to isolate the machinery from its power source and prevent accidental startup.
- Regular Inspections: Conduct routine inspections of the helical gear system and other machinery components to identify signs of wear, damage, or malfunction. Address any issues promptly to avoid unsafe conditions.
- Proper Lubrication: Ensure the helical gear system is adequately lubricated according to manufacturer recommendations. Proper lubrication reduces friction, wear, and heat buildup, enhancing both performance and safety.
- Emergency Stop: Machinery should be equipped with clearly marked emergency stop buttons or switches that operators can use to halt operations immediately in case of an emergency.
- Cleaning and Housekeeping: Maintain a clean work environment by removing debris, oil spills, and other potential hazards. Good housekeeping minimizes slip and trip hazards and promotes safe operation.
- Load Capacity: Adhere to the recommended load capacities specified by the manufacturer for both the helical gear system and the machinery as a whole. Overloading can lead to accelerated wear and potential failures.
- Avoid Loose Clothing: Operators should avoid wearing loose clothing, jewelry, or other items that could become entangled in the machinery, leading to accidents.
- Safe Working Distances: Establish safe working distances from moving parts of the machinery, including the helical gear system, to prevent accidental contact and ensure operator safety.
- Regular Maintenance: Follow the manufacturer’s maintenance schedule and guidelines for the helical gear system. Regular maintenance reduces the risk of unexpected failures and promotes safe and reliable operation.
Prioritizing safety when operating machinery with helical gear systems is essential to prevent accidents, protect operators, and maintain efficient operations. Following these precautions and promoting a safety-conscious culture can significantly contribute to a safe working environment.
Limitations and Disadvantages of Helical Gear Systems
While helical gear systems offer numerous advantages, they also come with certain limitations and disadvantages:
- Axial Thrust: Helical gears generate axial thrust due to the helix angle of the teeth. This thrust can cause additional load on bearings and may require additional measures to counteract.
- Complex Manufacturing: The manufacturing process for helical gears is more complex than that of straight-toothed gears, which can lead to higher production costs.
- Axial Length: Helical gears require more axial space compared to spur gears with the same gear ratio. This can be a limitation in applications with space constraints.
- Sliding Contact: Helical gears have sliding contact between their teeth, which can result in higher friction and more heat generation compared to rolling contact gears.
- Efficiency: Although helical gears are generally efficient, their efficiency can be slightly lower than that of some other gear types, especially at high speeds.
- Complexity in Gearbox Design: The inclination of helical gear teeth introduces additional complexity in gearbox design and alignment.
- Reverse Thrust: In some cases, reverse thrust can occur when helical gears are subjected to high axial loads, leading to undesirable effects.
It’s important to consider these limitations and disadvantages when selecting gear systems for specific applications. Despite these challenges, helical gears remain a popular choice in various industries due to their benefits and overall performance characteristics.
editor by CX 2023-10-23
China best Right Angle Worm Helical Gear Speed Reducer S77 SA87 S97 SA Saf67 Motor Reducer 90 Degree Gearbox with Good quality
Product Description
Product Parameters
Features of S series reducer
The same model can be equipped with motors of various powers. It is easy to realize the combination and connection between various models.
The transmission efficiency is high, and the single reducer efficiency is up to 96%. three
The transmission ratio is subdivided and the range is wide. The combined model can form a large transmission ratio and low output speed.
The installation forms are various, and can be installed with any foot, B5 flange or B4 flange. The foot mounting reducer has 2 machined foot mounting planes.
Helical gear and worm gear combination, compact structure, large reduction ratio.
Installation mode: foot installation, hollow shaft installation, flange installation, torque arm installation, small flange installation.
Input mode: motor direct connection, motor belt connection or input shaft, connection flange input.
Average efficiency: reduction ratio 7.5-69.39 is 77%; 70.43-288 is 62%; The S/R combination is 57%.
Detailed Photos
| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
|---|---|
| Installation: | 90 Degree |
| Layout: | Expansion |
| Gear Shape: | Bevel Gear |
| Step: | Single-Step |
| Type: | Gear Reducer |
| Samples: |
US$ 150/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | |
|---|
Advancements in Helical Gearbox Technology
Advancements in helical gearbox technology have led to improved performance, efficiency, and versatility. Here are some notable advancements:
- Material Innovations: The use of advanced materials, such as high-strength alloys and composites, has enhanced the durability and load-carrying capacity of helical gears. These materials also contribute to reduced weight and improved efficiency.
- Precision Manufacturing: Modern manufacturing techniques, including CNC machining and gear grinding, have enabled the production of helical gears with higher accuracy and tighter tolerances. This results in smoother operation and reduced noise levels.
- Gear Tooth Profile Optimization: Advanced computer simulations and modeling techniques allow for the optimization of gear tooth profiles. This results in better load distribution, reduced stress concentration, and improved overall gearbox efficiency.
- Lubrication and Cooling: Improved lubrication systems and cooling mechanisms help maintain optimal operating temperatures and extend the lifespan of helical gearboxes. This is particularly important for high-demand applications.
- Noise and Vibration Reduction: Innovative designs and precision manufacturing techniques have led to helical gears with reduced noise and vibration levels. This advancement is crucial for industries where noise reduction is a priority.
- Compact Design: Advancements in gear design and manufacturing have allowed for more compact and lightweight helical gearbox configurations, making them suitable for space-constrained environments.
- Integration with Electronics: Some modern helical gearboxes are designed for seamless integration with electronic control systems. This enables better monitoring, control, and optimization of gearbox performance.
- Customization: Advancements in manufacturing and design tools allow for greater customization of helical gearboxes to meet specific application requirements. This includes adapting gear ratios, sizes, and configurations.
In summary, advancements in helical gearbox technology have led to enhanced performance, durability, efficiency, and customization options. These innovations continue to make helical gearboxes a versatile and reliable choice for a wide range of industrial applications.
Can Helical Gearboxes Be Retrofitted into Existing Machinery Designs?
Yes, helical gearboxes can often be retrofitted into existing machinery designs, providing an opportunity to upgrade the performance, efficiency, and reliability of older equipment. Here are the key points to consider when retrofitting helical gearboxes:
1. Compatibility: Before proceeding with a retrofit, it’s essential to ensure that the new helical gearbox is compatible with the existing machinery in terms of size, mounting, and shaft connections. Proper measurements and analysis are necessary to avoid any misalignment or fitment issues.
2. Space Considerations: Helical gearboxes may have a different physical profile compared to the original gearboxes. Engineers need to assess the available space in the machinery and confirm that the new gearbox will fit without major modifications.
3. Shaft Alignment: Proper shaft alignment is crucial to ensure smooth and efficient operation. During the retrofit, it’s important to align the new helical gearbox with other components in the system to prevent premature wear, noise, and vibration.
4. Power and Torque Ratings: The power and torque ratings of the helical gearbox should match or exceed the requirements of the machinery. This ensures that the new gearbox can handle the loads and stresses that the machinery may encounter.
5. Performance Improvements: Retrofitting with helical gearboxes can lead to improved efficiency, reduced noise, and smoother operation. These benefits can positively impact the overall performance and lifespan of the machinery.
6. Engineering Expertise: Retrofitting involves careful planning, engineering analysis, and implementation. Working with experienced engineers or gearbox specialists is advisable to ensure a successful retrofit without compromising the integrity of the machinery.
7. Cost-Benefit Analysis: Assessing the costs of the retrofit, including the cost of the new gearbox, installation, downtime, and potential modifications, is essential. Comparing these costs to the anticipated benefits of improved performance and efficiency will help make an informed decision.
8. Maintenance Considerations: Retrofitting may also impact maintenance practices. It’s important to understand any changes in lubrication requirements, inspection intervals, and servicing needs that come with the new gearbox.
Conclusion: Retrofitting helical gearboxes into existing machinery designs can be a cost-effective way to enhance the performance and extend the lifespan of equipment. However, careful planning, engineering analysis, and professional expertise are crucial to ensure a successful retrofit that delivers the desired improvements without causing unforeseen issues.
Differences Between Helical Gearboxes and Spur Gearboxes
Helical gearboxes and spur gearboxes are two common types of gearboxes used in various applications. Here are the key differences between them:
- Tooth Design: The main difference between helical and spur gearboxes lies in their tooth design. Helical gearboxes feature helical teeth that are cut at an angle to the gear axis, while spur gearboxes have straight-cut teeth that run parallel to the gear axis.
- Engagement: Helical gearboxes offer a gradual and smooth engagement of teeth due to their helical tooth design. This results in reduced noise and vibration compared to spur gearboxes, which can have more abrupt and noisy tooth engagement.
- Load Distribution: Helical gearboxes have a higher contact ratio between teeth at any given time, which leads to better load distribution across the gear teeth. Spur gearboxes, on the other hand, have fewer teeth in contact at a time, potentially leading to higher stress on individual teeth.
- Efficiency: Helical gearboxes tend to be more efficient than spur gearboxes due to the helical tooth design, which reduces friction and energy losses during gear meshing. The gradual engagement of helical teeth contributes to this higher efficiency.
- Noise and Vibration: Helical gearboxes generate less noise and vibration compared to spur gearboxes. The helical tooth design and smooth engagement help in reducing the impact of gear meshing on overall noise levels.
- Applications: Helical gearboxes are commonly used in applications that require higher torque and smoother operation, such as heavy machinery, automotive transmissions, and industrial equipment. Spur gearboxes are suitable for applications with moderate loads and where noise considerations are not critical.
Overall, helical gearboxes offer advantages in terms of efficiency, load distribution, and noise reduction compared to spur gearboxes. However, the choice between the two depends on specific application requirements and factors such as torque, speed, space constraints, and noise considerations.
editor by CX 2023-10-17
China Standard Speed Reducer Gear Motors Geared Motor Gearbox Gear Unit with Input Flange Roller Press Planetary Worm Helicalgear Reducer Gearbox China Industrial Manufacturer with high quality
Product Description
Speed Reducer Gear Motors Geared Motor Gearbox Gear Unit with Input Flange roller press planetary worm helicalgear reducer gearbox China Industrial Manufacturer
Application of Motor Gearbox
Motor gearboxes are used in a wide variety of applications, including:
- Machine tools. Motor gearboxes are used in machine tools to control the speed of the cutting tool. This allows for the precise machining of materials.
- Conveyors. Motor gearboxes are used in conveyors to control the speed of the conveyor belt. This allows for the efficient and safe transportation of materials.
- Wind turbines. Motor gearboxes are used in wind turbines to control the speed of the turbine blades. This allows for the efficient generation of electricity.
- Elevators. Motor gearboxes are used in elevators to control the speed of the elevator car. This allows for the safe and efficient transportation of people and goods.
- Other applications. Motor gearboxes are also used in a variety of other applications, such as:
- Robotics
- Pumps
- Fans
- Compressors
Motor gearboxes are a critical component in many machines and systems. They allow for the efficient and reliable transmission of power, which is essential for many applications.
Here are some of the advantages of using motor gearboxes:
- Efficiency. Motor gearboxes are very efficient at transmitting power. This is because they have a smooth, direct connection between the input and output shafts.
- Versatility. Motor gearboxes are available in a variety of sizes and styles, which makes them adaptable to a wide range of machines and systems.
- Durability. Motor gearboxes are made of strong materials, such as steel or cast iron, which makes them durable and long-lasting.
Overall, motor gearboxes are a versatile and beneficial component that can be used in a wide variety of applications. They can help to improve efficiency, versatility, and durability.
Here are some additional details about the applications of motor gearboxes:
- Machine tools. In machine tools, motor gearboxes are used to control the speed of the cutting tool. This allows for the precise machining of materials. For example, in a milling machine, the motor gearbox is used to control the speed of the milling cutter. This allows the operator to control the depth and width of the cut, as well as the finish of the surface.
- Conveyors. In conveyors, motor gearboxes are used to control the speed of the conveyor belt. This allows for the efficient and safe transportation of materials. For example, in a food processing plant, a conveyor belt is used to transport food products from 1 station to another. The motor gearbox is used to control the speed of the conveyor belt so that the food products are not damaged.
- Wind turbines. In wind turbines, motor gearboxes are used to control the speed of the turbine blades. This allows for the efficient generation of electricity. For example, in a wind turbine with a 100-meter rotor diameter, the turbine blades can rotate at speeds of up to 200 kilometers per hour. The motor gearbox is used to reduce the speed of the turbine blades to a safe and efficient level for generating electricity.
- Elevators. In elevators, motor gearboxes are used to control the speed of the elevator car. This allows for the safe and efficient transportation of people and goods. For example, in a high-rise building, the elevator car may travel at speeds of up to 10 CZPT per second. The motor gearbox is used to reduce the speed of the elevator car to a safe and comfortable level for passengers.
These are just a few examples of the many applications of motor gearboxes. Motor gearboxes are a critical component in many machines and systems, and they play an important role in the efficient and reliable transmission of power.
| Application: | Motor, Electric Cars, Motorcycle, Machinery, Marine, Agricultural Machinery, Car |
|---|---|
| Function: | Distribution Power, Clutch, Change Drive Torque, Change Drive Direction, Speed Changing, Speed Reduction, Speed Increase |
| Layout: | Coaxial |
| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
| Installation: | Horizontal Type |
| Step: | Three-Step |
| Samples: |
US$ 9999/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | |
|---|
Advancements in Helical Gearbox Technology
Advancements in helical gearbox technology have led to improved performance, efficiency, and versatility. Here are some notable advancements:
- Material Innovations: The use of advanced materials, such as high-strength alloys and composites, has enhanced the durability and load-carrying capacity of helical gears. These materials also contribute to reduced weight and improved efficiency.
- Precision Manufacturing: Modern manufacturing techniques, including CNC machining and gear grinding, have enabled the production of helical gears with higher accuracy and tighter tolerances. This results in smoother operation and reduced noise levels.
- Gear Tooth Profile Optimization: Advanced computer simulations and modeling techniques allow for the optimization of gear tooth profiles. This results in better load distribution, reduced stress concentration, and improved overall gearbox efficiency.
- Lubrication and Cooling: Improved lubrication systems and cooling mechanisms help maintain optimal operating temperatures and extend the lifespan of helical gearboxes. This is particularly important for high-demand applications.
- Noise and Vibration Reduction: Innovative designs and precision manufacturing techniques have led to helical gears with reduced noise and vibration levels. This advancement is crucial for industries where noise reduction is a priority.
- Compact Design: Advancements in gear design and manufacturing have allowed for more compact and lightweight helical gearbox configurations, making them suitable for space-constrained environments.
- Integration with Electronics: Some modern helical gearboxes are designed for seamless integration with electronic control systems. This enables better monitoring, control, and optimization of gearbox performance.
- Customization: Advancements in manufacturing and design tools allow for greater customization of helical gearboxes to meet specific application requirements. This includes adapting gear ratios, sizes, and configurations.
In summary, advancements in helical gearbox technology have led to enhanced performance, durability, efficiency, and customization options. These innovations continue to make helical gearboxes a versatile and reliable choice for a wide range of industrial applications.
Handling Shock Loads and Sudden Changes in Torque in Helical Gearboxes
Helical gearboxes are designed to handle a range of operational conditions, including shock loads and sudden changes in torque. The helical design of the gears, which have slanted teeth that engage gradually, helps to distribute forces more evenly across the teeth compared to straight-cut gears. This design characteristic contributes to the gearbox’s ability to withstand sudden changes in torque and shock loads.
The gradual engagement of the helical teeth results in smoother and quieter operation, reducing the impact of abrupt torque changes. The slanted teeth also allow for more gradual transmission of force, which helps in dampening vibrations and minimizing stress concentrations that can occur in high-impact situations.
However, while helical gears are better suited for shock loads compared to straight-cut gears, it’s important to note that extreme shock loads or sudden torque changes can still impact the gearbox’s components over time. Manufacturers often take factors such as application requirements, load profiles, and anticipated shock loads into consideration when designing helical gearboxes to ensure reliable and durable performance.
Additionally, using appropriate lubrication and maintenance practices can further enhance the gearbox’s ability to handle shock loads and sudden torque changes. Regular inspection and timely maintenance help identify and address potential issues before they lead to component failure.
Limitations and Disadvantages of Helical Gear Systems
While helical gear systems offer numerous advantages, they also come with certain limitations and disadvantages:
- Axial Thrust: Helical gears generate axial thrust due to the helix angle of the teeth. This thrust can cause additional load on bearings and may require additional measures to counteract.
- Complex Manufacturing: The manufacturing process for helical gears is more complex than that of straight-toothed gears, which can lead to higher production costs.
- Axial Length: Helical gears require more axial space compared to spur gears with the same gear ratio. This can be a limitation in applications with space constraints.
- Sliding Contact: Helical gears have sliding contact between their teeth, which can result in higher friction and more heat generation compared to rolling contact gears.
- Efficiency: Although helical gears are generally efficient, their efficiency can be slightly lower than that of some other gear types, especially at high speeds.
- Complexity in Gearbox Design: The inclination of helical gear teeth introduces additional complexity in gearbox design and alignment.
- Reverse Thrust: In some cases, reverse thrust can occur when helical gears are subjected to high axial loads, leading to undesirable effects.
It’s important to consider these limitations and disadvantages when selecting gear systems for specific applications. Despite these challenges, helical gears remain a popular choice in various industries due to their benefits and overall performance characteristics.
editor by CX 2023-10-11
China wholesaler 90 Degree Hollow Output Shaft 25 28 30 35 38mm Helical Gear Motor Gearbox difference between helical and worm gearbox
Product Description
Product Description
KPM-KPB series helical-hypoid gearboxes are the new-generation product with a compromise of advanced technology both at home and abroad.This product is widely used in textile, foodstuff, beverage,tobacco, logistics industrial fields,etc.
Main Features:
(1) Driven by hypoid gears, which has big ratios.
(2) Large output torque, high efficiency(up to 92%), energy saving and environmental protection.
(3) High quality aluminum alloy housing, light in weight and non-rusting.
(4) Smooth in running and low in noise, and can work long time in dreadful conditions.
(5) Good-looking appearance, durable service life and small volume.
(6) Suitable for all round installation, wide application and easy use.
(7) KPM series can replace NMRV worm gearbox; KPB series can replace CZPT W series worm gearbox;
(8) Modular and multi-structure can meet the demands of various conditions.
Main Material:
(1) Housing: aluminum alloy
(2) Gear wheel: 20CrMnTiH1,carbonize & quencher heat treatment make the hardness of gears surface up to 56-62 HRC, retain carburization layers thickness between 0.3 and 0.5mm after precise grinding.
Detailed Photos
Product Parameters
Model Information:
| GEARBOX SELECTING TABLES | ||||||||||||
| KPM50.. | n1=1400r/min | 160Nm | ||||||||||
| Model | i | i | n2 | M2max | Fr2 | 63B5 | 71B5/B14 | 80B5/B14 | 90B5/B14 | |||
| nominal | actual | [r/min] | [Nm] | [N] | ||||||||
| 3 Stage | ||||||||||||
| KPM50C | 300 | 294.05 | 4.8 | 130 | 4100 | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM50C | 250 | 244.29 | 5.8 | 130 | 4100 | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM50C | 200 | 200.44 | 7.0 | 130 | 4100 | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM50C | 150 | 146.67 | 9.6 | 160 | 4000 | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM50C | 125 | 120.34 | 12 | 160 | 3770 | N/A | N/A | |||||
| KPM50C | 100 | 101.04 | 14 | 160 | 3560 | N/A | N/A | |||||
| KPM50C | 75 | 74.62 | 19 | 160 | 3220 | N/A | N/A | |||||
| KPM50C | 60 | 62.36 | 23 | 160 | 3030 | N/A | N/A | |||||
| KPM50C | 50 | 52.36 | 27 | 160 | 2860 | N/A | N/A | |||||
| 2 Stage | ||||||||||||
| KPM50B | 60 | 58.36 | 24 | 130 | 2960 | N/A | N/A | |||||
| KPM50B | 50 | 48.86 | 29 | 130 | 2790 | N/A | ||||||
| KPM50B | 40 | 40.09 | 35 | 130 | 2610 | N/A | ||||||
| KPM50B | 30 | 29.33 | 48 | 160 | 2350 | N/A | ||||||
| KPM50B | 25 | 24.07 | 59 | 160 | 2200 | |||||||
| KPM50B | 20 | 20.21 | 70 | 160 | 2080 | |||||||
| KPM50B | 15 | 14.92 | 94 | 160 | 1880 | |||||||
| KPM50B | 12.5 | 12.47 | 113 | 160 | 1770 | |||||||
| KPM50B | 10 | 10.47 | 134 | 160 | 1670 | |||||||
| KPM50B | 7.5 | 7.73 | 182 | 160 | 1510 | |||||||
| KPM63..,KPB63.. | n1=1400r/min | 180Nm | ||||||||||
| Model | i | i | n2 | M2max | Fr2 | 63B5 | 71B5/B14 | 80B5/B14 | 90B5/B14 | |||
| nominal | actual | [r/min] | [Nm] | [N] | ||||||||
| 3 Stage | ||||||||||||
| KPM63C | KPB63C | 300 | 302.50 | 4.7 | 160 | 4800 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM63C | KPB63C | 250 | 243.57 | 5.8 | 160 | 4800 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM63C | KPB63C | 200 | 196.43 | 7.2 | 160 | 4800 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM63C | KPB63C | 150 | 151.56 | 9.3 | 180 | 4650 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM63C | KPB63C | 125 | 122.22 | 12 | 180 | 4330 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM63C | KPB63C | 100 | 94.50 | 14 | 180 | 4070 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM63C | KPB63C | 75 | 73.33 | 20 | 180 | 3650 | N/A | |||||
| KPM63C | KPB63C | 60 | 63.33 | 23 | 180 | 3480 | N/A | |||||
| KPM63C | KPB63C | 50 | 52.48 | 27 | 180 | 3270 | N/A | |||||
| 2 Stage | ||||||||||||
| KPM63B | KPB63B | 60 | 60.50 | 24 | 160 | 3430 | N/A | |||||
| KPM63B | KPB63B | 50 | 48.71 | 29 | 160 | 3190 | ||||||
| KPM63B | KPB63B | 40 | 39.29 | 36 | 160 | 2970 | ||||||
| KPM63B | KPB63B | 30 | 30.31 | 47 | 180 | 2720 | ||||||
| KPM63B | KPB63B | 25 | 24.44 | 58 | 180 | 2530 | N/A | |||||
| KPM63B | KPB63B | 20 | 18.90 | 70 | 180 | 2380 | N/A | |||||
| KPM63B | KPB63B | 15 | 14.67 | 96 | 180 | 2130 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM63B | KPB63B | 12.5 | 12.67 | 111 | 180 | 2030 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM63B | KPB63B | 10 | 10.50 | 134 | 180 | 1910 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM63B | KPB63B | 7.5 | 7.60 | 185 | 180 | 1710 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM75..,KPB75.. | n1=1400r/min | 350Nm | ||||||||||
| Model | i | i | n2 | M2max | Fr2 | 63B5 | 71B5 | 80B5/B14 | 90B5/B14 | 100B5/B14 | 112B5/B14 | |
| nominal | actual | [r/min] | [Nm] | [N] | ||||||||
| 3 Stage | ||||||||||||
| KPM75C | KPB75C | 300 | 297.21 | 4.8 | 300 | 6500 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
| KPM75C | KPB75C | 250 | 240.89 | 5.9 | 300 | 6500 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
| KPM75C | KPB75C | 200 | 200.66 | 7.0 | 300 | 6500 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
| KPM75C | KPB75C | 150 | 149.30 | 9.3 | 350 | 6500 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM75C | KPB75C | 125 | 121.00 | 12 | 350 | 5980 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM75C | KPB75C | 100 | 100.80 | 15 | 350 | 5520 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM75C | KPB75C | 75 | 79.40 | 19 | 350 | 5040 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM75C | KPB75C | 60 | 62.43 | 23 | 350 | 4730 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM75C | KPB75C | 50 | 49.18 | 29 | 350 | 4370 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| 2 Stage | ||||||||||||
| KPM75B | KPB75B | 60 | 59.44 | 24 | 300 | 4660 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM75B | KPB75B | 50 | 48.18 | 30 | 300 | 4340 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM75B | KPB75B | 40 | 40.13 | 35 | 300 | 4080 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM75B | KPB75B | 30 | 29.86 | 47 | 350 | 3720 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM75B | KPB75B | 25 | 24.20 | 56 | 350 | 3500 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM75B | KPB75B | 20 | 20.16 | 71 | 350 | 3230 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM75B | KPB75B | 15 | 15.88 | 93 | 350 | 2950 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM75B | KPB75B | 12.5 | 12.49 | 113 | 350 | 2770 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM75B | KPB75B | 10 | 9.84 | 143 | 350 | 2550 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM75B | KPB75B | 7.5 | 7.48 | 188 | 350 | 2330 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM90..,KPB86.. | n1=1400r/min | 500Nm | ||||||||||
| Model | i | i | n2 | M2max | Fr2 | 63B5 | 71B5 | 80B5/B14 | 90B5/B14 | 100B5/B14 | 112B5/B14 | |
| nominal | actual | [r/min] | [Nm] | [N] | ||||||||
| 3 Stage | ||||||||||||
| KPM90C | KPB86C | 300 | 297.21 | 4.8 | 450 | 6500 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
| KPM90C | KPB86C | 250 | 240.89 | 5.9 | 450 | 6500 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM90C | KPB86C | 200 | 200.66 | 7.0 | 450 | 6500 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM90C | KPB86C | 150 | 151.20 | 9.3 | 500 | 6500 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM90C | KPB86C | 125 | 125.95 | 12 | 500 | 5980 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM90C | KPB86C | 100 | 99.22 | 15 | 500 | 5520 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM90C | KPB86C | 75 | 75.45 | 19 | 500 | 5040 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM90C | KPB86C | 60 | 62.43 | 23 | 500 | 4730 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM90C | KPB86C | 50 | 49.18 | 29 | 500 | 4370 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| 2 Stage | ||||||||||||
| KPM90B | KPB86B | 60 | 59.44 | 24 | 450 | 5890 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM90B | KPB86B | 50 | 48.18 | 30 | 450 | 5500 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM90B | KPB86B | 40 | 40.13 | 35 | 450 | 5170 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM90B | KPB86B | 30 | 30.24 | 47 | 500 | 4710 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM90B | KPB86B | 25 | 25.19 | 56 | 500 | 4430 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| KPM90B | KPB86B | 20 | 19.84 | 71 | 500 | 4090 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM90B | KPB86B | 15 | 15.09 | 93 | 500 | 3730 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM90B | KPB86B | 12.5 | 12.49 | 113 | 500 | 3510 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM90B | KPB86B | 10 | 9.84 | 143 | 500 | 3240 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| KPM90B | KPB86B | 7.5 | 7.48 | 188 | 500 | 2950 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
Outline Dimension:
Company Profile
About our company:
We are a professional reducer manufacturer located in HangZhou, ZHangZhoug province.Our leading products is full range of RV571-150 worm reducers , also supplied hypoid helical gearbox, PC units, UDL Variators and AC Motors.Products are widely used for applications such as: foodstuffs, ceramics, packing, chemicals, pharmacy, plastics, paper-making, construction machinery, metallurgic mine, environmental protection engineering, and all kinds of automatic lines, and assembly lines.With fast delivery, superior after-sales service, advanced producing facility, our products sell well both at home and abroad. We have exported our reducers to Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe and Middle East and so on.Our aim is to develop and innovate on basis of high quality, and create a good reputation for reducers.
Packing information:Plastic Bags+Cartons+Wooden Cases , or on request
We participate Germany Hannver Exhibition-ZheJiang PTC Fair-Turkey Win Eurasia
Logistics
After Sales Service
1.Maintenance Time and Warranty:Within 1 year after receiving goods.
2.Other Service: Including modeling selection guide, installation guide, and problem resolution guide, etc.
FAQ
1.Q:Can you make as per customer drawing?
A: Yes, we offer customized service for customers accordingly. We can use customer’s nameplate for gearboxes.
2.Q:What is your terms of payment ?
A: 30% deposit before production,balance T/T before delivery.
3.Q:Are you a trading company or manufacturer?
A:We are a manufacurer with advanced equipment and experienced workers.
4.Q:What’s your production capacity?
A:8000-9000 PCS/MONTH
5.Q:Free sample is available or not?
A:Yes, we can supply free sample if customer agree to pay for the courier cost
6.Q:Do you have any certificate?
A:Yes, we have CE certificate and SGS certificate report.
Contact information:
Ms Lingel Pan
For any questions just feel free ton contact me. Many thanks for your kind attention to our company!
| Application: | Motor, Machinery, Marine, Agricultural Machinery |
|---|---|
| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
| Installation: | Horizontal Type |
| Layout: | Right Angle |
| Gear Shape: | Hypoid Helical Gear |
| Step: | 2-3 Stage |
| Samples: |
US$ 45/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | |
|---|
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
What Is a Helical Gearbox?
Generally, the gear is a rotating circular machine part, and its purpose is to transmit speed and torque. It works by meshing with other toothed parts. This type of gear is made up of cut teeth, inserted teeth, and gear teeth.
Helix angle
Typical helical gearbox angle ranges from 15 to 30 degrees. It is commonly used in worm gears and screws. The angle is important in motion conversion and power transfer.
Helical gearboxes are suitable for high load applications. Because the teeth engage more gradually, helical gearboxes require bearings that can manage axial loading. In fact, the forces produced by helical gears are much less than those of spur gears. Moreover, helical gearboxes are often less efficient.
There are two basic gear systems: the spur gear system and the helical gear system. These systems are similar in their basic functions. However, they are distinguished by a number of important differences. The spur gear system produces thrust forces, while the helical gear system transmits energy through two axial configurations. Both systems operate at speeds of around 50m/s.
Spur gears have a common pitch, whereas helical gears have a different pitch. The pitch of helical gears changes as the helix angle changes. This leads to a difference in the diameter of the gear and the hobs. This changes the radial module system pitch and increases the manufacturing costs.
The normal pressure angle is the angle of the load line into the plane normal to the tooth axis. This angle is sometimes called the reference value.
Helical gears are available in both left-hand and right-hand configurations. Helical gears are typically characterized by quiet operation and higher power carrying capacity. They are also appreciated for their NVH characteristics. They are used in the oil, food, and plastic industries. They also have a higher efficiency than zero-helix angle gears.
Efficiency
Using helical gears in a gearbox provides several benefits. They are more efficient, quieter and better able to handle high load cases. However, they are also more expensive than classic gears.
The efficiency of a helical gearbox is calculated by measuring the efficiency of the entire working area. This is measured using a predefined measuring grid. The result is presented by an efficiency contour map. It shows that efficiency is not uniform in the working area.
This is because of the varying angles of the teeth of the gears. It is also important to consider the size of the pitch circle and the angle of the helix. The pitch circle is larger for helical gears than for spur gears. This means more surface contact and more potential for transmission of power between the parallel shafts.
Efficiency calculations for synchronizers are relatively new. Using data from power losses can help estimate the accuracy of these calculations.
The efficiency of a gearbox is mainly dependent on the power range and the torque. The higher the range, the better the efficiency. When the power range is reduced, the efficiency is reduced. The efficiency decreases sharply for high ratio gearboxes.
The efficiency of a gearbox also depends on the type of gearbox. Typically, spur gears are the most efficient, but helical gears are also quite efficient. In the same way that an electrical motor is more efficient than a standard cylinder engine, helical gears are more efficient than spur gears.
Applications
Various industries utilize helical gearboxes for different applications. These gears are primarily used in heavy industrial settings and are also used in the printing and plastic industries.
They are useful in transferring motion between parallel and right-angle shafts. Helical gears are more durable and offer smoother gear operation than other gear types. They are also less noisy and produce less friction.
Typical applications of helical gearboxes include conveyors, coolers, crushers, and other heavy industrial applications. They are also used in the food, chemical, and printing industries.
There are two main types of helical gearboxes: single helical gearboxes and double helical gearboxes. In the single gearbox, the teeth are at a certain angle to the axis. In the double gearbox, the teeth are at opposite angles.
Both gear types have their own advantages. The spur type is more suited for low-speed applications and is also less expensive to manufacture. However, helical gears are more efficient. They are also less noisy and have more teeth meshing capacity.
Helical gears also have a greater pitch circle diameter than spur gears. Because of this, they can tolerate a greater load and are more durable. The helical gearbox also uses thrust bearings to support the thrust force. In order to ensure smooth operation, the helical gears gradually engage.
Helical gears are also used in the automotive industry. They are the most common gear type used in the automotive transmission process.
Spiral teeth vs helical teeth
Depending on the application, there are two types of bevel gears: helical gears and spiral teeth bevel gears. They have a similar geometry, but they perform differently. While helical gears provide smoother operation and higher load carrying capacity, spiral teeth bevel gears are more flexible, reduce the risk of overheating, and have longer service life.
Helical gears are primarily used for helical or crossed shafts. They have teeth that are cut at a precise angle to the gear axis. They provide a smooth action during heavy loads and are used at high speeds. They can also be used for non-parallel shafts. However, they are less efficient than spur gears.
Spur gears are primarily used for parallel shafts. Their straight teeth are parallel to the gear axis. Their teeth come in sudden contact, which causes vibration and a noticeable noise. However, helical gears provide gradual engagement, minimizing vibration and backlash.
The root stress of helical gears is different from spur gears. It is dependent on the helix angle and the web thickness of the gear. The pressure angle of the teeth also affects the curvature radii. These factors affect the transverse contact ratio, which decreases the length of the contact line.
Helical gears are often used to change the angle of rotation by 90 degrees. They can also be used to eliminate shock loading. These gears can be used on parallel or crossed shafts.
PB and PLB Series
PB and PLB series helical gearboxes offer a bevy of benefits that include high power density and a compact modular design. Aside from offering a high output torque, they also offer low maintenance and a long life span. The manufacturers have also gone to great lengths to provide a robust case, a rigid worm and screw thread arrangement and a high reduction ratio. They also provide parallel shaft input options. This means you can use one gearbox to drive a whole train of synchronized gears.
Aside from the fact that it is one of the most durable gearboxes available, it is also one of the most versatile. In fact, the company manufactures a number of gearbox variants, ranging from a single gearbox to a fully modular multiple gearbox design. The high power density means it can operate in tight industrial spaces. PB and PLB series helical Gearboxes are available in a range of sizes, ensuring you find the perfect fit for your application. The PB and PLB Series helical gearboxes are also a cost-effective option for your next application. The company is also able to offer custom solutions to meet your specific needs.
The best part is that you can get your hands on these Gearboxes at a price that is well worth your hard earned dollars. The manufacturers also offer an industry leading warranty. PB and PLB series helical and worm gearboxes are available in a variety of sizes and configurations to suit your application.
Herringbone gears
Using Herringbone gears in helical gearboxes can give the advantages of quiet operation at high speed and minimal axial force. These gears can also be used in heavy machinery applications. However, manufacturing them is more difficult and expensive.
Herringbone gears are similar to double helical gears, except that they do not have a central gap. Originally, they were made by casting to an accurate pattern.
Today, they are characterized by two sets of gear teeth that are stuck together. They have a very high coincidence, which increases the bearing capacity of the gearbox. They also reduce wear and noise.
These gears are usually smaller than double helical gears. This makes them ideal for applications where vibration is high. The large contact area reduces stress. They also have a high carrying capacity. They are used in transmissions, heavy machinery, and differentials.
Herringbone gears are also used in torque gearboxes, especially those that do not have a significant thrust bearing. However, their use is less common because of manufacturing difficulties.
There are several solutions to the problem of making herringbone gears. One solution is to use a central groove to cut the gears. Another is to stack two helical gears together. Another solution is to use older machines that can be rebuilt to make herringbone gears.
Herringbone gears can be processed using milling methods. However, this method cannot be used to process all herringbone gears.
editor by CX 2023-06-09
China manufacturer R F K S Series Gear Box Industrial Transmission Parts Shaft Mount Geared Motor Speed Reducer Worm Bevel Helical Gearbox with high quality
Product Description
Technical data:
Product Description
-K Series Helical Bevel Gearbox
K series gear reducer, manufactured according to international technical requirements, has a high scientific and technological content; Space saving, reliable and durable, high overload capacity, power up to 132KW; Low energy consumption, superior performance, reducer efficiency up to 95%
It is designed and manufactured on the basis of module combination system. There are a lot of motor combinations, installation forms and structural schemes. The transmission ratio is classified carefully to meet different operating conditions and realize electromechanical integration.
High transmission efficiency, low energy consumption and superior performance.
Reinforced high rigid cast iron box; The hardened gear is made of high-quality alloy steel. Its surface is carburized, quenched and hardened, and the gear is finely ground. It features stable transmission, low noise, large bearing capacity, low temperature rise, and long service life. Performance and characteristics:
1. The gear is carburized and quenched with high-quality alloy, the hardness of the tooth surface is up to 60 ± 2hrc, and the grinding accuracy of the tooth surface is up to 5-6
2. The computer modification technology is used to pre modify the gear, which greatly improves the bearing capacity of the reducer
3. Complete modular structure design is adopted from the box to the internal gear, which is suitable for large-scale production and flexible selection
4. The standard reducer models are divided according to the form of decreasing torque. Compared with the traditional equal proportion division, they are more in line with customer requirements and avoid power waste
5. It is designed and manufactured by cad/cam to ensure the stability of quality
6. Multiple sealing structures are adopted to prevent oil leakage
7. Multi directional noise reduction measures to ensure the excellent low noise performance of the reducer
8. The installation mode of Liyi products is flexible, which makes it easy for customers to choose K57 reducer, K67 reducer, K77 reducer, K87 reducer, K97 reducer, KA87 reducer, KA97 reducer, KA107 reducer, KA127 reducer
Our Advantages
| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
|---|---|
| Installation: | 90 Degree |
| Layout: | Expansion |
| Gear Shape: | Bevel Gear |
| Step: | Single-Step |
| Type: | Gear Reducer |
| Samples: |
US$ 1000/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | |
|---|
What Is a Helical Gearbox?
Basically, a gearbox is a rotating circular machine part that consists of toothed components, which mesh together. Its function is to transfer speed and torque to other parts of the machine. It is also similar to a lever, and operates on the same principle.
Double helical gears
Having a helical gearbox has many advantages, including higher efficiency, high strength, and a superior gear system. However, it has its drawbacks. One of these drawbacks is the axial thrust. Axial thrust is not a problem with single helical gears, but it is a problem with double helical gears.
In double helical gears, there are two sets of teeth that are arranged in a V-shape. In one set of teeth, there is a groove that enables the axial force to be cancelled out. The groove eliminates the need for thrust bearings and allows for efficient handling of high capacity power transmission.
Aside from the axial thrust, there are also issues with face contact. Asymmetric load sharing and oscillation put substantial alternating loads on the shaft bearings. These alternating loads can lead to early bearing failure.
Fortunately, helical gears are smoother than spur gears, which means they can withstand more load. They also have greater pitch circle diameter than spur gears. However, they are limited in their scope. The pitch error distribution on the helical gears is typically limited to 50 mm peak-to-peak amplitude. It is important to control the phase difference of oncoming gears with high accuracy.
Typically, the helical gears that are used in a gear box are assembled from the same module. This allows for interchangeability of components and economical construction. A normal module set can use the same tooth-cutting tools that are used for spur gears.
Double helical gears are used in power transmission in fluid pumps and gas turbines. They are also commonly used in planetary reduction gear boxes for engines in civil aviation.
Generally, double helical gears are larger than single helical gears. They are typically generated from a special generator. They are also more expensive.
However, manufacturers are looking to find gears that are more convenient to use. One solution is to manufacture double helical gears on a multi-tasking machine tool. This allows the gear to be machined in complicated shapes.
The multi-tasking machine tool can also modify the tooth surface. This is useful for 3D printing helical gears with a high level of accuracy.
Crossed-axis helical gears
Several factors affect the performance of crossed-axis helical gears. One of the important factors is the position of the gears on the cross shaft. The gears will not perform properly if they are not oriented in a different direction.
Crossed-axis helical gears have a special situation, in which they will not function properly if the gears are oriented in the same direction. This is especially true for automobile oil pump/distribution shafts. Depending on the situation, gears will operate as a normal helical gear or as a spur gear.
Compared to spur gears, crossed-axis helical gears have relatively higher capacity. However, the transverse contact ratio of these gears is reduced. This decrease is dependent on the pressure angle. The pressure angle affects the curvature radii of the teeth. In addition, the length of the contact line is reduced. This shortens the efficiency of the gear.
Helix angle of crossed-axis helical gears is 45 degrees. It may be a left-handed or a right-handed gear. The pitch circle diameter of a helical gear may be big compared to that of a spur gear. This is due to the fact that the gears are cut at an angle to the shaft.
In the axial direction, the meshing of helical gears is very similar to spur gears. However, there are a few design rules to optimize these gears.
The first rule is that the gears must be staggered in opposite directions. If the gears are not staggered, the contact lines cannot be changed.
The second rule states that the pitch of a helical gear is dependent on its helix angle. It is possible to calculate the pitch circle of a helical gear, by integrating along the face width. In addition, the length of the contact lines decreases as the pressure angle increases. However, this decrease is not as large as that of a spur gear.
Right angle helical gears
Choosing a right angle helical gearbox can be difficult. With so many types, sizes, and configurations to choose from, it can be difficult to figure out which one is right for your application. The key to choosing the right gearbox is understanding your application and what factors are most important to you.
For example, if you are looking for a gearbox that can be used in a high-speed, high-torque application, the most important consideration is the efficiency of the product. Right-angle gearboxes are compact and easy to maintain, making them ideal for high-torque applications.
Some applications that require high-torque gears include pulp and paper manufacturing, food processing, mining, and car washes. Some of the advantages of right angle gears include high efficiency, low maintenance, and low noise. If you are in the market for a right angle helical gearbox, make sure to select a supplier that can provide you with a wide range of options.
Right-angle helical gearboxes come in several different bevel configurations. Spiral bevel gears require precision and are difficult to manufacture. However, they can be used interchangeably. Spiral miter gears are designed to rotate in the same direction as the input shaft, which helps ensure a smooth, direct transfer of power.
If you are considering a helical gearbox for a high-speed application, you will need to know your preferred input/output ratio. The standard ratios are 1:1 and 2:1. If you need a step-up ratio, you can install an additional output shaft opposite the input shaft.
Other benefits include lower running noise, superior strength, and durability. Because they are made of larger teeth, helical gears are less likely to wear out. Also, helical gears provide higher power carrying capacity.
To determine which type of right angle gearbox is best suited for your application, you should discuss your needs with your supplier. They should be able to offer a wide range of options, including custom solutions. They should also provide you with a list of past clients and online reviews.
To find a right angle helical gearbox that can meet your needs, it’s important to understand the various design features. For example, you should make sure that your gearbox has a self-locking capability, which means that the load cannot drive the worm. Having a self-locking gearbox also means that you do not need to install a braking system.
Spiral teeth
Using helical gearboxes to drive a motor car or truck is an efficient method of power transmission. However, the efficiency of this method depends on the helix angle of the gear. The helix angle is the angle that the gear teeth are cut at.
Helical gearboxes may be of different helix angles, depending on the specific gear set. The helix angle can vary between 15 and 30 degrees. This is important because the helix angle has a significant effect on the position of tooth contact. If the contact is not in a proper position, then there will be a large amount of vibration. This will affect the speed of the gear.
Helical gearboxes can be of two types: crossed axis and parallel axis. Crossed axis gears are usually used to connect parallel shafts. They have the same center gap as spur gears. On the other hand, parallel axis gears are usually used to drive a motor. The difference between the two types of gearboxes is their design and arrangement.
In addition to the helix angle, the gears may have different fillet, teeth, and radius. This means that the gear will have different NVH characteristics. In addition, there are different types of spiral teeth that may be used in the gearbox.
Hypoid gears are also similar to spiral bevel gears, but they differ in that the axes of the gear shaft do not intersect the axis of the hypoid gear. The hypoid gear exerts a very high thrust load on the bearings.
When compared to a straight bevel gear, the hypoid gear experience a smoother, less noisy operation. They also produce less shock loading.
Spiral bevel gears are also designed to produce less vibration. They are also more cost-effective. However, they require a larger diameter to transmit the same torque. This can lead to a reduced mechanical efficiency and lower fuel economy.
The best spiral bevel gears can carry a higher thrust load than straight teeth. This is why they are preferred for applications that require heavy load efficiency.
They are also appreciated for their NVH characteristics. They are also a quieter option for applications that require high speed. Helical gears can be used in many different industries. The food, automotive, and oil industries are examples of these types of gears.
editor by CX 2023-06-02
China Standard Ss Shaft Input Helical Worm Gear Boxes Motor difference between helical and worm gearbox
Product Description
> Product Introduction
Parallel Shaft Agricultural Gearbox Motor
GPHQ F helical parallel speed reduction gear box are based on the building block design,so it’s convenient for them to fit all types of motors or connect with other power input.The same type of combine can fit motors with different power,so that it’s possible for different types of machines to combine or connect.
GPHQ F series speed gear reducer is 1 kind of parallel shaft helical gear reducer , which consist of 2 or 3 stages helical gears (relate to gear ratio) in the same case . The hard tooth surface gear use the high quality alloy steel ,the process of carburizing and quenching, grinding 1,Output torque:200-18000(N.m)
1,Rated power:0.12-200(kw)
2,Input speed:≤3000 (rpm)
3,Output speed:≤393(rpm)
4,Transmission ratio:≥3.77
5,Series:2-3
6,Mounting way:M1-M6
> Motor Materials
| housing material: | HT2OO high-strength cast iron for F37,47,57,67,77,87 HT250 High strength cast iron for F97,107,127,157 |
| Gear material: | 20CrMnTi |
| Housing hardness | HBS90-240 |
| Surface hardnesss of gear | HRC58°-62° |
| Gear core hardness | HRC33°-40° |
| Input/Output shaft material | 40Cr |
| Input/Output shaft hardness | HBS241°-286° |
| Shaft at oil seal postion hardness | HRC48 ° -55 ° |
| Machining precision of gears material | Accurate grinding 6-5 grade |
| Efficiency | up to 98% |
| Noise(Max) | 60-68dB |
| Tem.rise: | 40°C |
| Vibration | ≤20um |
| Motor | IP54, F class ,B5 FLANGE |
| color : | blue (if you need big quantity ,we can done as your wanted color ) |
> Partial Product Data
> Our Electric Motor Advantages
1. Reasonable price with excellent quality
2.Each 1 tests carefully
3.Clear nameplate
4.Reliable package
5.High efficiency, smooth runingand low noise
6.Best materials make best performance
> Producing Process
> About Us
HangZhou EXTENSION SPEED ELECTRICITY CO.,LTD (HangZhou GOOD COMMERCE & TRADE CO.LTD) specializes in the sales of all kinds of gearbox , electric motors. On the sales service and management has accumulated rich experience, has a number of highly qualified technical personnel, management norms, quality isstable. Products by the China national mandatory product certification, quality is reliable, reasonable structure,and make “environmental protection” and “energy saving” synchronization.
HangZhou GOOD COMMERCE & TRADE CO.,LTD(GPHQ ) has always been in line with: “based on sincerity, good quality for first, the pursuit of excellence, pioneering and enterprising team, efficient, innovation” . perfect aftersales service; We will set up a business under the bridge of friendship, hand in hand Create brilliant!
FAQ
1, Q:what’s your MOQ for ac gearbox motor ?
A: 1pc is ok for each type electric gear box motor
2, Q: What about your warranty for your induction speed reducer motor ?
A: 1 year ,but except man-made destroyed
3, Q: which payment way you can accept ?
A: TT, western union .
4, Q: how about your payment way ?
A: 100%payment in advanced less $5000 ,30% payment in advanced payment , 70% payment before sending over $5000.
5, Q: how about your packing of speed reduction motor ?
A: plywood case ,if size is small ,we will pack with pallet for less 1 container
6, Q: What information should be given, if I buy electric helical geared motor from you ?
A: rated power, ratio or output speed,type ,voltage , mounting way , quantity , if more is better.
| Application: | Motor, Machinery, Agricultural Machinery |
|---|---|
| Function: | Speed Changing, Speed Reduction |
| Layout: | Bevel |
| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
| Installation: | Horizontal Type |
| Step: | Double-Step |
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
Why Choose a Helical Gearbox?
Choosing a helical gearbox is an important decision for any machine builder. It can help you to reduce maintenance costs, improve productivity and efficiency, and ensure that your equipment operates quietly and efficiently. In addition, it can also be compact in size and easy to install.
High productivity and efficiency
Compared to spur gears, helical gears have high productivity and efficiency. This is due to the fact that the helical gearbox is more effective at transferring power between right-angle configurations. Helical gears are also quieter. They also have the ability to tolerate a greater load. These gears are usually used in high-load applications, such as automotive transmission applications.
The basic features of helical gears include a slanted tooth face, a larger contact ratio, and a smoother performance. Helical gears are also less expensive than spur gears. They have more power carrying capacity, longer life, and are easier to maintain.
There are many factors that affect the efficiency of helical gearboxes. Some of them include the number of stages, reduction ratio, ambient conditions, and lubrication. They are also affected by the number of teeth.
Power loss in helical gears is mainly due to friction and heat. There are various approaches to minimize these losses. One approach is to analyse power losses using a numerical method.
Other factors that affect the efficiency of helical systems include speed, noise, and the number of teeth. The amount of power lost in gear mating is dependent on the load.
Low power consumption
Compared to other types of gearboxes, helical gearboxes have low power consumption. This is because they can tolerate more load, conduct smooth performance, and are quieter. They also require less oil changes and have a longer life span.
Helical gears have special teeth that are cut at an angle. The teeth are designed to engage gradually, rather than quickly. They can transfer power between parallel configurations and right-angle configurations.
Helical gearboxes are the most widely used gearboxes. They are also the most efficient. They can work at 98% efficiency. However, they are more expensive than spur gears. They can be packaged with oil-filled housings. They have less noise and require less maintenance. They can operate cooler, and have more torque capacity.
Helical gearboxes have two types: single and double helical gears. In the single type, the gears are perpendicular to the axis. They are usually used in automotive transmission applications. They can also be used in forward velocities. In the double type, the helical faces are next to each other.
Helical gears work at higher ratios, which increases their efficiency. They are also less noisy than spur gears. They are a good choice for applications that require high torque capacity. The basic efficiency of helical gearboxes ranges from 90% to 99.5%. They are also easier to operate and have a longer life span. They are suited to a wide range of applications.
Compact in size
Having a shiny new set of wheels is a nice change of pace. You get to sit in style and you get to drive it like the pro. The trick is finding the right one at the right time. Fortunately, there are plenty of companies who know how to build a high quality car that can be afforded by the average Joe. You’ll find all types of cars from sports coupes to hatchbacks. You’ll also find all types of drivers from the young professional to the seasoned veteran. You’ll also find all types of roads from main streets to back roads. There are even all types of parking spaces to choose from. With a bit of planning and some research, you’ll find the perfect fit for you and your family. You can’t help but wonder why you didn’t choose a vehicle with this many perks sooner. It’s a nice way to spend a night on the town, without having to worry about a parking fee. The next time you’re in the mood to take the family out to the country for a weekend in the great bluffs, you’ll know which ones to avoid.
Noise-free operation
Compared to spur gears, helical gears have better speed capability and quieter operation. However, helical gearboxes often have problems that stop their service. These faults result in increased productivity costs. These problems include fatigue, chipping tip, crack and missing tooth.
In this paper, we propose a novel signal processing scheme to detect gearbox faults at constant speed. The method involves the use of spectral subtraction (SS) to remove the spectral noise of a signal. This approach is widely used in speech signal processing. It is also used to estimate real-time noise information. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of gearbox faults.
The spectral subtraction technique is applied to the transmission error and to the side-band frequency feature. The side-band frequency is equal to the rotation frequency of the input shaft. A square envelope spectrum method is used to obtain the spectral feature. It was then used to obtain the corresponding fault signal. The method is then compared with experimentally measured noise data.
It is also important to note that the side-band feature is not stable in different noise levels. The optimal demodulation subband selection method is not obvious. However, the proposed method can obtain a stable amplitude value when SNR is low.
Another important factor that reduces noise is the overlap ratio. The overlap ratio is the sum of the transverse contact ratio and the face contact ratio. When the overlap ratio approaches one, the noise is minimized.
Improved performance at high speeds
Whether used in an industrial, automotive or power generation application, helical gearboxes provide a number of benefits over traditional spur gearing systems. These advantages include reduced noise, higher load capacity and smoother operation.
In an effort to reduce noise and improve performance at high speeds, Parker engineers developed a helical gearbox that runs quieter and produces 30-40% more torque than a conventionally modified gear. They also redesigned the entry and exit points of the gear tooth for increased efficiency and strength.
The high-speed helical geartrain has been tested at 5,000 hp power. The tests were performed in the High-Speed Helical Geartrain Test Facility at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The tests were conducted at four different design configurations and at multiple input shaft speeds. These tests included temperature increases from inlet to outlet, fling off temperatures, and power loss of the helical system.
The first step was to improve load distribution of the gear pair. This is done by modifying the microgeometry of each gear. In addition to modifying the microgeometry of each tooth, the length of the contact line was extended. This resulted in a higher tooth contact ratio.
Another option is to modify the straddle-mounted pin of the PGS. This is a complicated task because of spatial constraints. In order to determine whether the pin will have the desired effect, it needs to be tested in real-world tests.
Reduce maintenance costs
Compared to spur gears, helical gears have several advantages, such as less noise and vibration, greater load carrying capacity, and longer life. They also have a reduced maintenance cost.
Helical gears can be divided into two main types: single helical and crossed axis helicals. In the single helical type, two or three teeth connect at all times.
In crossed axis helicals, the shafts are inclined at a variety of angles. These gears are primarily used in non-perpendicular transmissions. They can have very low load carrying capacity, but they offer better strength and speed reduction than spur gears.
The double helical type has two mirrored rows of teeth that are angled. This type of gear is also known as a herringbone gear. It’s a design that’s ideal for non-perpendicular transmissions.
Helical gears are packaged in oil filled housings. They are a space saving gear reducer. They are used in automobile transmissions and other forward speeds. They are also used in industrial gearboxes.
Helical gears can be made of either solid or semi-solid materials. They can be sliced into an arbitrary number of cross sections. This allows the helix to be adjusted to suit the application.
It’s important to choose the right gear for your application. The gear’s design may include the number of teeth, lubricant type, surface treatment, and the tooth angle. It’s also important to choose the right lubricant, because it can affect the noise levels and the efficiency of the gear.
editor by CX 2023-05-24
China Manufacturing Plant Beverage Factory Worm Gear Motor Gear Helical Gearbox synchromesh gearbox
Relevant Industries: Manufacturing Plant, Machinery Fix Retailers, Foods & Beverage Manufacturing facility, Power & Mining
Bodyweight (KG): 3 KG
Gearing Arrangement: Worm
Output Torque: 1.8-2430N.M
Enter Speed: 14-186.7RPM
Output Speed: fourteen fast transmission gearbox drive gear for Quick gearbox we have wealthy encounter on OEM/ODM order and like signal Non-disclosure Arrangement before sample generating Back again to Home
Key Market Insights Related to Worm Reduction Gearboxes
A gearbox is a mechanical device that allows you to shift between different speeds or gears. It does so by using one or more clutches. Some gearboxes are single-clutch, while others use two clutches. You can even find a gearbox with closed bladders. These are also known as dual clutches and can shift gears more quickly than other types. Performance cars are designed with these types of gearboxes.
Backlash measurement
Gearbox backlash is a common component that can cause noise or other problems in a car. In fact, the beats and sets of gears in a gearbox are often excited by the oscillations of the engine torque. Noise from gearboxes can be significant, particularly in secondary shafts that engage output gears with a differential ring. To measure backlash and other dimensional variations, an operator can periodically take the output shaft’s motion and compare it to a known value.
A comparator measures the angular displacement between two gears and displays the results. In one method, a secondary shaft is disengaged from the gearbox and a control gauge is attached to its end. A threaded pin is used to secure the differential crown to the secondary shaft. The output pinion is engaged with the differential ring with the aid of a control gauge. The angular displacement of the secondary shaft is then measured by using the dimensions of the output pinion.
Backlash measurements are important to ensure the smooth rotation of meshed gears. There are various types of backlash, which are classified according to the type of gear used. The first type is called circumferential backlash, which is the length of the pitch circle around which the gear rotates to make contact. The second type, angular backlash, is defined as the maximum angle of movement between two meshed gears, which allows the other gear to move when the other gear is stationary.
The backlash measurement for gearbox is one of the most important tests in the manufacturing process. It is a criterion of tightness or looseness in a gear set, and too much backlash can jam a gear set, causing it to interface on the weaker part of its gear teeth. When backlash is too tight, it can lead to gears jamming under thermal expansion. On the other hand, too much backlash is bad for performance.
Worm reduction gearboxes
Worm reduction gearboxes are used in the production of many different kinds of machines, including steel and power plants. They are also used extensively in the sugar and paper industries. The company is constantly aiming to improve their products and services to remain competitive in the global marketplace. The following is a summary of key market insights related to this type of gearbox. This report will help you make informed business decisions. Read on to learn more about the advantages of this type of gearbox.
Compared to conventional gear sets, worm reduction gearboxes have few disadvantages. Worm gear reducers are commonly available and manufacturers have standardized their mounting dimensions. There are no unique requirements for shaft length, height, and diameter. This makes them a very versatile piece of equipment. You can choose to use one or combine several worm gear reducers to fit your specific application. And because they have standardized ratios, you will not have to worry about matching up multiple gears and determining which ones fit.
One of the primary disadvantages of worm reduction gearboxes is their reduced efficiency. Worm reduction gearboxes usually have a maximum reduction ratio of five to sixty. The higher-performance hypoid gears have an output speed of around ten to twelve revolutions. In these cases, the reduced ratios are lower than those with conventional gearing. Worm reduction gearboxes are generally more efficient than hypoid gear sets, but they still have a low efficiency.
The worm reduction gearboxes have many advantages over traditional gearboxes. They are simple to maintain and can work in a range of different applications. Because of their reduced speed, they are perfect for conveyor belt systems.
Worm reduction gearboxes with closed bladders
The worm and the gear mesh with each other in a combination of sliding and rolling movements. This sliding action is dominant at high reduction ratios, and the worm and gear are made of dissimilar metals, which results in friction and heat. This limits the efficiency of worm gears to around thirty to fifty percent. A softer material for the gear can be used to absorb shock loads during operation.
A normal gear changes its output independently once a sufficient load is applied. However, the backstop complicates the gear configuration. Worm gears require lubrication because of the sliding wear and friction introduced during movement. A common gear arrangement moves power at the peak load section of a tooth. The sliding happens at low speeds on either side of the apex and occurs at a low velocity.
Single-reduction gearboxes with closed bladders may not require a drain plug. The reservoir for a worm gear reducer is designed so that the gears are in constant contact with lubricant. However, the closed bladders will cause the worm gear to wear out more quickly, which can cause premature wear and increased energy consumption. In this case, the gears can be replaced.
Worm gears are commonly used for speed reduction applications. Unlike conventional gear sets, worm gears have higher reduction ratios. The number of gear teeth in the worm reduces the speed of a particular motor by a substantial amount. This makes worm gears an attractive option for hoisting applications. In addition to their increased efficiency, worm gears are compact and less prone to mechanical failure.
Shaft arrangement of a gearbox
The ray-diagram of a gearbox shows the arrangement of gears in the various shafts of the transmission. It also shows how the transmission produces different output speeds from a single speed. The ratios that represent the speed of the spindle are called the step ratio and the progression. A French engineer named Charles Renard introduced five basic series of gearbox speeds. The first series is the gear ratio and the second series is the reverse gear ratio.
The layout of the gear axle system in a gearbox relates to its speed ratio. In general, the speed ratio and the centre distance are coupled by the gear axles to form an efficient transmission. Other factors that may affect the layout of the gear axles include space constraints, the axial dimension, and the stressed equilibrium. In October 2009, the inventors of a manual transmission disclosed the invention as No. 2. These gears can be used to realize accurate gear ratios.
The input shaft 4 in the gear housing 16 is arranged radially with the gearbox output shaft. It drives the lubricating oil pump 2. The pump draws oil from a filter and container 21. It then delivers the lubricating oil into the rotation chamber 3. The chamber extends along the longitudinal direction of the gearbox input shaft 4, and it expands to its maximum diameter. The chamber is relatively large, due to a detent 43.
Different configurations of gearboxes are based on their mounting. The mounting of gearboxes to the driven equipment dictates the arrangement of shafts in the gearbox. In certain cases, space constraints also affect the shaft arrangement. This is the reason why the input shaft in a gearbox may be offset horizontally or vertically. However, the input shaft is hollow, so that it can be connected to lead through lines or clamping sets.
Mounting of a gearbox
In the mathematical model of a gearbox, the mounting is defined as the relationship between the input and output shafts. This is also known as the Rotational Mount. It is one of the most popular types of models used for drivetrain simulation. This model is a simplified form of the rotational mount, which can be used in a reduced drivetrain model with physical parameters. The parameters that define the rotational mount are the TaiOut and TaiIn of the input and output shaft. The Rotational Mount is used to model torques between these two shafts.
The proper mounting of a gearbox is crucial for the performance of the machine. If the gearbox is not aligned properly, it may result in excessive stress and wear. It may also result in malfunctioning of the associated device. Improper mounting also increases the chances of the gearbox overheating or failing to transfer torque. It is essential to ensure that you check the mounting tolerance of a gearbox before installing it in a vehicle.
editor by czh2023-02-24
China K Series Helical Bevel Gearbox Flange Motor Transmission Machine Worm Motor Gear High Quality Reducer Speed Increaser supplier
Warranty: 3 several years
Relevant Industries: Developing Substance Shops, Equipment Restore Shops, Design works , Other
Excess weight (KG): 10 KG
Custom-made support: OEM, ODM
Gearing Arrangement: Worm
Output Torque: Make contact with To Provider
Enter Pace: Speak to To Provider
Output Velocity: Contact To Supplier
Application: Machine Instrument
Packaging Information: As Per Worldwide Common
K Collection Helical Bevel Gearbox Flange Motor Transmission Device Worm Motor Gear Higher Good quality Reducer Speed IncreaserKrm series are with monobloc body, with helical conical jagged reducers with higher overall performance.90 degreed in and out shafts and quitable aspect assembling featured box modal presented rewards for assembling.Has numerous assembling options such as shaft equipped, European warehouse Ratio ten 3 4 5 6 nema 34 Near loop stepper Series Servo Motor pace reducer Planetary Gearbox hollow shaft, flange and torque arm. Can be produced with speed of .1 and 500RPM/Min. Motor energy is between .12KW and 90KW.All of gears for our merchandise are passed from substantial technology stoning section. Gear functionality and durability will increase, servicelife is prolenged and pace reducers can function silent in that way. Specification
| item | value |
| Warranty | 3 several years |
| Applicable Industries | Building Material Outlets, Equipment Restore Shops, Design operates , Other |
| Weight (KG) | 10KG |
| Customized assist | OEM, OEM Customized 6Mm Worm Equipment ODM |
| Gearing Arrangement | Worm |
| Output Torque | Contact To Provider |
| Input Speed | Contact To Provider |
| Output Speed | Contact To Provider |
| Place of Origin | Turkey |
| Brand Identify | Volt |
| Application | Machine Tool |
| Phone : | 00 |
| Website : | .tr |
| E-mail : | [email protected] |
What Is a Gearbox?
There are several factors to consider when choosing a gearbox. Backlash, for example, is a consideration, as it is the angle at which the output shaft can rotate without the input shaft moving. While this isn’t necessary in applications without load reversals, it is important for precision applications involving load reversals. Examples of these applications include automation and robotics. If backlash is a concern, you may want to look at other factors, such as the number of teeth in each gear.
Function of a gearbox
A gearbox is a mechanical unit that consists of a chain or set of gears. The gears are mounted on a shaft and are supported by rolling element bearings. These devices alter the speed or torque of the machine they are used in. Gearboxes can be used for a wide variety of applications. Here are some examples of how gearboxes function. Read on to discover more about the gears that make up a gearbox.
Regardless of the type of transmission, most gearboxes are equipped with a secondary gear and a primary one. While the gear ratios are the same for both the primary and secondary transmission, the gearboxes may differ in size and efficiency. High-performance racing cars typically employ a gearbox with two green and one blue gear. Gearboxes are often mounted in the front or rear of the engine.
The primary function of a gearbox is to transfer torque from one shaft to another. The ratio of the driving gear’s teeth to the receiving member determines how much torque is transmitted. A large gear ratio will cause the main shaft to revolve at a slower speed and have a high torque compared to its counter shaft. Conversely, a low gear ratio will allow the vehicle to turn at a lower speed and produce a lower torque.
A conventional gearbox has input and output gears. The countershaft is connected to a universal shaft. The input and output gears are arranged to match the speed and torque of each other. The gear ratio determines how fast a car can go and how much torque it can generate. Most conventional transmissions use four gear ratios, with one reverse gear. Some have two shafts and three inputs. However, if the gear ratios are high, the engine will experience a loss of torque.
In the study of gearbox performance, a large amount of data has been collected. A highly ambitious segmentation process has yielded nearly 20,000 feature vectors. These results are the most detailed and comprehensive of all the available data. This research has a dual curse – the first is the large volume of data collected for the purpose of characterization, while the second is the high dimensionality. The latter is a complication that arises when the experimental gearbox is not designed to perform well.
Bzvacklash
The main function of a gearhead is to multiply a moment of force and create a mechanical advantage. However, backlash can cause a variety of issues for the system, including impaired positioning accuracy and lowered overall performance. A zero backlash gearbox can eliminate motion losses caused by backlash and improve overall system performance. Here are some common problems associated with backlash in gearheads and how to fix them. After you understand how to fix gearbox backlash, you’ll be able to design a machine that meets your requirements.
To reduce gearbox backlash, many designers try to decrease the center distance of the gears. This eliminates space for lubrication and promotes excessive tooth mesh, which leads to premature mesh failure. To minimize gearbox backlash, a gear manufacturer may separate the two parts of the gear and adjust the mesh center distance between them. To do this, rotate one gear with respect to the fixed gear, while adjusting the other gear’s effective tooth thickness.
Several manufacturing processes may introduce errors, and reducing tooth thickness will minimize this error. Gears with bevel teeth are a prime example of this. This type of gear features a small number of teeth in comparison to its mating gear. In addition to reducing tooth thickness, bevel gears also reduce backlash. While bevel gears have fewer teeth than their mating gear, all of their backlash allowance is applied to the larger gear.
A gear’s backlash can affect the efficiency of a gearbox. In an ideal gear, the backlash is zero. But if there is too much, backlash can cause damage to the gears and cause it to malfunction. Therefore, the goal of gearbox backlash is to minimize this problem. However, this may require the use of a micrometer. To determine how much gearbox backlash you need, you can use a dial gauge or feeler gauge.
If you’ve been looking for a way to reduce backlash, a gearbox’s backlash may be the answer. However, backlash is not a revolt against the manufacturer. It is an error in motion that occurs naturally in gear systems that change direction. If it is left unaccounted for, it can lead to major gear degradation and even compromise the entire system. In this article, we’ll explain how backlash affects gears and how it affects the performance of a gearbox.
Design
The design of gearboxes consists of a variety of factors, including the type of material used, power requirements, speed and reduction ratio, and the application for which the unit is intended. The process of designing a gearbox usually begins with a description of the machine or gearbox and its intended use. Other key parameters to consider during gearbox design include the size and weight of the gear, its overall gear ratio and number of reductions, as well as the lubrication methods used.
During the design process, the customer and supplier will participate in various design reviews. These include concept or initial design review, manufacturing design validation, critical design review, and final design review. The customer may also initiate the process by initiating a DFMEA. After receiving the initial design approval, the design will go through several iterations before the finalized design is frozen. In some cases, the customer will require a DFMEA of the gearbox.
The speed increaser gearboxes also require special design considerations. These gearboxes typically operate at high speeds, causing problems with gear dynamics. Furthermore, the high speeds of the unit increase frictional and drag forces. A proper design of this component should minimize the effect of these forces. To solve these problems, a gearbox should incorporate a brake system. In some cases, an external force may also increase frictional forces.
Various types of gear arrangements are used in gearboxes. The design of the teeth of the gears plays a significant role in defining the type of gear arrangement in the gearbox. Spur gear is an example of a gear arrangement, which has teeth that run parallel to the axis of rotation. These gears offer high gear ratios and are often used in multiple stages. So, it is possible to create a gearbox that meets the needs of your application.
The design of gearboxes is the most complex process in the engineering process. These complex devices are made of multiple types of gears and are mounted on shafts. They are supported by rolling element bearings and are used for a variety of applications. In general, a gearbox is used to reduce speed and torque and change direction. Gearboxes are commonly used in motor vehicles, but can also be found in pedal bicycles and fixed machines.
Manufacturers
There are several major segments in the gearbox market, including industrial, mining, and automotive. Gearbox manufacturers are required to understand the application and user industries to design a gearbox that meets their specific requirements. Basic knowledge of metallurgy is necessary. Multinational companies also provide gearbox solutions for the power generation industry, shipping industry, and automotive industries. To make their products more competitive, they need to focus on product innovation, geographical expansion, and customer retention.
The CZPT Group started as a small company in 1976. Since then, it has become a global reference in mechanical transmissions. Its production range includes gears, reduction gearboxes, and geared motors. The company was the first in Italy to achieve ISO certification, and it continues to grow into one of the world’s leading manufacturers of production gearboxes. As the industry evolves, CZPT focuses on research and development to create better products.
The agriculture industry uses gearboxes to implement a variety of processes. They are used in tractors, pumps, and agricultural machinery. The automotive industry uses gears in automobiles, but they are also found in mining and tea processing machinery. Industrial gearboxes also play an important role in feed and speed drives. The gearbox industry has a diverse portfolio of manufacturers and suppliers. Here are some examples of gearboxes:
Gearboxes are complex pieces of equipment. They must be used properly to optimize efficiency and extend their lifespan. Manufacturers employ advanced technology and strict quality control processes to ensure their products meet the highest standards. In addition to manufacturing precision and reliability, gearbox manufacturers ensure that their products are safe for use in the production of industrial machinery. They are also used in office machines and medical equipment. However, the automotive gearbox market is becoming increasingly competitive.
editor by czh2023-02-22
China High Torque gearbox reducer Worm Planetary Spur Helical Bevel Motor Gear box planetary gearbox
Guarantee: 3 many years
Applicable Industries: Hotels, Garment Outlets, Constructing Content Outlets, Producing Plant, Machinery Repair Shops, Foodstuff & Beverage Manufacturing facility, Farms, Restaurant, Residence Use, Retail, Foodstuff Store, 501 ratio 112mm 3N.m gear stepper nema23 reducer planetary gearbox reduction box motor Printing Retailers, Development works , Energy & Mining, Foods & Beverage Retailers, Other, Promoting Business
Fat (KG): 5 KG
Tailored assistance: OEM, ODM, OBM
Gearing Arrangement: Planetary
Output Torque: 12000-18000NM
Input Speed: 1400rpm
Output Pace: fourteen-280rpm
proportions: exact same as comer
Solution identify: Gearbox
Software: Production Automation
Packaging Specifics: typically packed by wooden boxbut you can speak to with us to go over
Port: ZheJiang /HangZhou
Motor Gearbox Substantial Torque Worm / Planetary / Spur / Helical / Bevel
We create all sorts of planetary gearboxes & helical gearboxes for vertical feed mixers.can change comer items
Quick introduction of Motor Gearbox Large Torque Worm/Planetary/Spur/Helical/Bevel Gearbox
*Concept
Gear box is employed to transfer rotation and torque from motor to functioning machine,
*Function
the perform is to lower speed by gears and increase torque.
*Major specification
- lower backlash
- large output torque-the industry’s highest torque density
- well balanced motor pinion
- substantial effectiveness(up to ninety seven%)
- ratio 3:1 to 1571:one
- minimal sounds
- operable in any mounting positions
- life span lubrication
*Submitted:
Be commonly used for resources handing gear, European Higher Quality forged iron inventory bore f90 tyre versatile fenaflex tyre coupling and fenner tyre coupling engineering equipment,metallurgy business,mining sector,petrochemical sector, design equipment,textile business, health-related equipment and instruments, instrument and meter industry,car industry,maritime sector,weapons sector, 12HP 1HP 2HP 3HP Higher torque 3 section vertical type small ac gear motors electrical motor aerospace discipline,and so on.
*scenario:
| Automated doorway | Carton sealer | DC motor | Foods device | Printing device | Stepper motor |
| AC motor | Conveying device | Diesel motor elements | Foam equipment | Packing device | Servo motor |
| CNC | Crane device | Dyeing machine | Garden mower | Paper machine | Textile device |
Key Market Insights Related to Worm Reduction Gearboxes
A gearbox is a mechanical device that allows you to shift between different speeds or gears. It does so by using one or more clutches. Some gearboxes are single-clutch, while others use two clutches. You can even find a gearbox with closed bladders. These are also known as dual clutches and can shift gears more quickly than other types. Performance cars are designed with these types of gearboxes.
Backlash measurement
Gearbox backlash is a common component that can cause noise or other problems in a car. In fact, the beats and sets of gears in a gearbox are often excited by the oscillations of the engine torque. Noise from gearboxes can be significant, particularly in secondary shafts that engage output gears with a differential ring. To measure backlash and other dimensional variations, an operator can periodically take the output shaft’s motion and compare it to a known value.
A comparator measures the angular displacement between two gears and displays the results. In one method, a secondary shaft is disengaged from the gearbox and a control gauge is attached to its end. A threaded pin is used to secure the differential crown to the secondary shaft. The output pinion is engaged with the differential ring with the aid of a control gauge. The angular displacement of the secondary shaft is then measured by using the dimensions of the output pinion.
Backlash measurements are important to ensure the smooth rotation of meshed gears. There are various types of backlash, which are classified according to the type of gear used. The first type is called circumferential backlash, which is the length of the pitch circle around which the gear rotates to make contact. The second type, angular backlash, is defined as the maximum angle of movement between two meshed gears, which allows the other gear to move when the other gear is stationary.
The backlash measurement for gearbox is one of the most important tests in the manufacturing process. It is a criterion of tightness or looseness in a gear set, and too much backlash can jam a gear set, causing it to interface on the weaker part of its gear teeth. When backlash is too tight, it can lead to gears jamming under thermal expansion. On the other hand, too much backlash is bad for performance.
Worm reduction gearboxes
Worm reduction gearboxes are used in the production of many different kinds of machines, including steel and power plants. They are also used extensively in the sugar and paper industries. The company is constantly aiming to improve their products and services to remain competitive in the global marketplace. The following is a summary of key market insights related to this type of gearbox. This report will help you make informed business decisions. Read on to learn more about the advantages of this type of gearbox.
Compared to conventional gear sets, worm reduction gearboxes have few disadvantages. Worm gear reducers are commonly available and manufacturers have standardized their mounting dimensions. There are no unique requirements for shaft length, height, and diameter. This makes them a very versatile piece of equipment. You can choose to use one or combine several worm gear reducers to fit your specific application. And because they have standardized ratios, you will not have to worry about matching up multiple gears and determining which ones fit.
One of the primary disadvantages of worm reduction gearboxes is their reduced efficiency. Worm reduction gearboxes usually have a maximum reduction ratio of five to sixty. The higher-performance hypoid gears have an output speed of around ten to twelve revolutions. In these cases, the reduced ratios are lower than those with conventional gearing. Worm reduction gearboxes are generally more efficient than hypoid gear sets, but they still have a low efficiency.
The worm reduction gearboxes have many advantages over traditional gearboxes. They are simple to maintain and can work in a range of different applications. Because of their reduced speed, they are perfect for conveyor belt systems.
Worm reduction gearboxes with closed bladders
The worm and the gear mesh with each other in a combination of sliding and rolling movements. This sliding action is dominant at high reduction ratios, and the worm and gear are made of dissimilar metals, which results in friction and heat. This limits the efficiency of worm gears to around thirty to fifty percent. A softer material for the gear can be used to absorb shock loads during operation.
A normal gear changes its output independently once a sufficient load is applied. However, the backstop complicates the gear configuration. Worm gears require lubrication because of the sliding wear and friction introduced during movement. A common gear arrangement moves power at the peak load section of a tooth. The sliding happens at low speeds on either side of the apex and occurs at a low velocity.
Single-reduction gearboxes with closed bladders may not require a drain plug. The reservoir for a worm gear reducer is designed so that the gears are in constant contact with lubricant. However, the closed bladders will cause the worm gear to wear out more quickly, which can cause premature wear and increased energy consumption. In this case, the gears can be replaced.
Worm gears are commonly used for speed reduction applications. Unlike conventional gear sets, worm gears have higher reduction ratios. The number of gear teeth in the worm reduces the speed of a particular motor by a substantial amount. This makes worm gears an attractive option for hoisting applications. In addition to their increased efficiency, worm gears are compact and less prone to mechanical failure.
Shaft arrangement of a gearbox
The ray-diagram of a gearbox shows the arrangement of gears in the various shafts of the transmission. It also shows how the transmission produces different output speeds from a single speed. The ratios that represent the speed of the spindle are called the step ratio and the progression. A French engineer named Charles Renard introduced five basic series of gearbox speeds. The first series is the gear ratio and the second series is the reverse gear ratio.
The layout of the gear axle system in a gearbox relates to its speed ratio. In general, the speed ratio and the centre distance are coupled by the gear axles to form an efficient transmission. Other factors that may affect the layout of the gear axles include space constraints, the axial dimension, and the stressed equilibrium. In October 2009, the inventors of a manual transmission disclosed the invention as No. 2. These gears can be used to realize accurate gear ratios.
The input shaft 4 in the gear housing 16 is arranged radially with the gearbox output shaft. It drives the lubricating oil pump 2. The pump draws oil from a filter and container 21. It then delivers the lubricating oil into the rotation chamber 3. The chamber extends along the longitudinal direction of the gearbox input shaft 4, and it expands to its maximum diameter. The chamber is relatively large, due to a detent 43.
Different configurations of gearboxes are based on their mounting. The mounting of gearboxes to the driven equipment dictates the arrangement of shafts in the gearbox. In certain cases, space constraints also affect the shaft arrangement. This is the reason why the input shaft in a gearbox may be offset horizontally or vertically. However, the input shaft is hollow, so that it can be connected to lead through lines or clamping sets.
Mounting of a gearbox
In the mathematical model of a gearbox, the mounting is defined as the relationship between the input and output shafts. This is also known as the Rotational Mount. It is one of the most popular types of models used for drivetrain simulation. This model is a simplified form of the rotational mount, which can be used in a reduced drivetrain model with physical parameters. The parameters that define the rotational mount are the TaiOut and TaiIn of the input and output shaft. The Rotational Mount is used to model torques between these two shafts.
The proper mounting of a gearbox is crucial for the performance of the machine. If the gearbox is not aligned properly, it may result in excessive stress and wear. It may also result in malfunctioning of the associated device. Improper mounting also increases the chances of the gearbox overheating or failing to transfer torque. It is essential to ensure that you check the mounting tolerance of a gearbox before installing it in a vehicle.
editor by czh2023-02-21